This paper introduces a novel magnitude approximation for the fractional-order Chebyshev low-pass filter. The proposed magnitude response is constructed from the fractional Chebyshev polynomials originating from the series solution of fractional-order Chebyshev differential equation. The transfer function of the fractional-order Sallen-Key biquad is used as a prototype for the approximation. To identify the coefficients of the Sallen-Key topology, the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is used to minimize an objective function representing the sum of relative magnitude error. The optimization problem is executed in MATLAB, and stable solutions are chosen for the implementation. Two different cases are investigated corresponding to filter orders 1.8 and 2.7. LT-Spice is used for circuit simulations, and the Valsa approach is used for fractional-order capacitor approximation. The original magnitude response is compared with the optimized one and the circuit simulation results, and this comparison shows a magnitude error less than 2%. © 2021 IEEE.
Double Fractional-order Masks Image Enhancement
Image enhancement is better achieved when fractional-order masks are used rather than integer-order ones, this is due to the flexibility of fractional-order parameters control. This paper proposes a combination of fractional-order masks to be used in parallel as double filters system structure to improve image enhancement rather than using a single-stage filter. Various performance metrics are used in this work to evaluate the proposed system, such as Information Entropy (IE), Average Gradient (AG), Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Based on visual as well as numerical results, it is found that the combination of two double masks is superior to the single fractional-order system in terms of enhancing texture and edges. © 2021 IEEE.
Different Approximation Techniques For A FOPID Feedback Control of a DC Motor
DC motors are commonly employed in many industrial applications due to their various advantages. This study aims to compare the response of the Oustaloup-Recursive-Approximation (ORA) and El-Khazali’s approximation method in controlling a DC motor with a FOPID controller. The two employed methods are used to design the FOPID and approximate. For various fractional orders, many behaviours are presented. A simulation comparison between these methods is performed regarding overshoot, settling time and rise time. © 2022 IEEE.
Blind Watermarking Using DCT and Fractional-Order Lorenz System
This paper presents a new blind watermarking system based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The system’s security is increased by encrypting the watermark image using the fractional-order Lorenz system. After converting the cover image to the YCbCr color domain, DCT is applied on the Y channel and embedding of the encrypted watermark is performed in the frequency domain. The fractional-order Lorenz system has more parameters than the integer order system, which increase the length of the system key and make it secure against brute-force attacks. Although blind detection of the watermark is not easy, the proposed algorithm successfully detects the hidden watermark by using statistical properties of the DCT coefficients. Standard imperceptibility and robustness measures are used to evaluate the proposed system, and the results are good. © 2022 IEEE.
Progressive Multi-Secret Sharing of Color Images Using Lorenz Chaotic System
Multi-Secret Image Sharing (MSIS) systems share multiple images to multiple participants in unintelligible forms that can be recovered using all the shares. This paper employs the concept of progressive secret sharing with MSIS to introduce a new system, where the number of used shares in the recovery process defines the quality of the recovered secrets. The proposed system works for any number of secret color images, and is lossless when all the shares are present. The Lorenz chaotic system, which is numerically solved using Euler method, is used as source of randomness to encrypt the secret images. Image encryption utilizes a long system key to perform the substitution and permutation stages. The system passes all security tests, including statistical analysis and key sensitivity, and it is also robust to noise and crop attacks. The analysis results are within the required ranges for a good encryption system, and they are better than those of the compared MSIS systems. © 2023 IEEE.
Time-domain Li-ion Battery Modeling under Staircase Charging and Discharging
Parameter identification of Li-ion battery models is important for efficiently charge and discharge the most widely used energy storage devices. In this work, we propose a simplified battery model with a parameter identification method for time-domain charging and discharging. Staircase PotentioElectrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy technique (SPEIS) is chosen to characterize the batteries during charging and discharging cycles at different voltage steps values. Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA) is used to identify the proposed model parameters on two commercial Li-ion coin-shaped batteries. The proposed model shows very good matching with the experiments with absolute current error less than 10 4. Hence, the proposed model can be used for real-time applications to predict the battery’s behavior under different operating conditions. © 2021 IEEE.
On Fractional-order Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System
Wireless power transfer is becoming an increasingly viable solution for the electrical powering of various electronic gadgets. However, precise outputs are not guaranteed with integer systems, so fractional-order capacitors are vital. This paper studies a four-plate fractional capacitive power transfer system by varying six orders of capacitors between the plates along with the load resistance. A mathematical model based on a 4× 4 mutual fractional capacitance matrix is established for equidistantly placed four identical metal plates. Moreover, the chosen circuit topology is identified and analyzed based on the proposed model. © 2022 IEEE.
MPPT for a Partially Shaded PV System Using Accelerated Particle Swarms
MPPT is developed to get the most power out from photovoltaic (PV) modules in various conditions, including changing weather and partial shading (PS). The partial shade of a PV system is a significant issue. PV systems’ power characteristics are so complicated under PS that there are a variety of MPPs. Traditional MPPT methods may become stuck in Local MPPs(LMPPs) instead of Global MPPs (GMPP). The GMPP can be tracked fast and correctly using accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO). By comparing the employed algorithm to the traditional ones, simulation results validate the optimization performance. © 2021 IEEE.
Valorization of Agricultural and Marine Waste for Fabrication of Bio-Adsorbent Sheets
Industrial wastewater often contains considerable amounts of toxic pollutants that would endanger public health and the environment. In developing countries, these toxins are often discharged into natural ecosystems without pretreatment as it requires costly treatment processes, which causes long-term harmful socioeconomic impacts. Employing wastewater treatment plants using physical, biological, and chemical methods to clean the wastewater is considered by many nations the answer to the environmental crises. The treated water could be used for targeting the irrigation systems in its majority, as it is biologically acceptable for that specific use, which economizes the use of freshwater sources for municipal use specifically. This study presents a novel method for fabricating an efficient adsorbent sheet for wastewater treatment. The sheets are fabricated by combining sugarcane bagasse pulp as a scaffold with commercial, naturally activated carbon and bimetallic-prepared adsorbents. Fava beans and algae biomass are utilized in the production of activated carbon because of their high carbon contents, availability, and low cost. The prepared composite sheets are synthesized and investigated for several pollutants’ removal such as methyl orange, crystal violet dyes, and chromium heavy metals. These pollutants are selected due to the high discharge amount and toxic effect on aquatic life. FT-IR and SEM analyses are used to characterize the samples. To determine the mechanism of adsorption, the intra-particle diffuse, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order kinetic models are used to test the experimental data. All the prepared sheets can retain the pollutants, with the best removal efficiency of 96.24% for methyl orange adsorption onto the bio-composite mixed sheet. For methyl orange, the error values and correlation coefficient R2of 0.971 and 0.951 shows that the Temkin isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic model, respectively, are capable of providing the highest goodness of fit for the experimental data. The results of the isotherms and kinetics parameter sets provided valuable proof that the adsorption of methyl orange onto the bio-composite sheet is an endothermic phenomenon involving both chemical and physical adsorption. © World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2023.All rights reserved
PRNG Using Primitive Roots of Primes and its Utilization in Chess-based Image Encryption
Recently, number theory has proved its importance in cryptography because of its well-known hard problems. For instance, a primitive root for a prime number shows a special property of uniqueness when raised to different powers mod the prime number. In this paper, a Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG) is designed based on this property using a prime number and some of its primitive roots. The PRNG is, first, validated for utilization in cryptography applications using histograms, correlation coefficients, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical test suite. Then, the PRNG is utilized in an image encryption system and the system security is tested using statistical measures, differential attack measures, and sensitivity to one-bit change. The results are promising and in the expected good ranges. © 2022 IEEE.