Interconnect design has recently become one of the important factors that affect the circuit delay and performance especially in the deep submicron technology
An Improved Approximation of Grunwald-Letnikov Fractional Integral
Fractional calculus increases the flexibility of a system by studying the unexplored space between two integers
An Optimized Implementation of GL Fractional-Order
An alternative implementation of of fractional derivative/integral defined by Grunwald-Letnikov definition (GL) is introduced
High-performance fractional anisotropic diffusion filter for portable applications
Anisotropic diffusion is one of the most effective methods used in image processing. It can be used to eliminate the small textures of an image while preserving its significant edges. In this paper, a new anisotropic diffusion filter is proposed based on a fractional calculus kernel rather than integer kernel to improve the overall performance of the filter. Integer and fractional anisotropic filters are implemented using the Genesys-2 FPGA kit to utilize the efficiency of parallelism in FPGAs. Integer and fractional anisotropic filters are tested against the achievable PSNR value vs the number of iterations. The proposed fractional anisotropic filter has a better PSNR value using a smaller number of iterations, reducing the power and area compared to integer anisotropic filter. The proposed filter can be used in image smoothing, edge detection, image segmentation, image denoising, and cartooning. In addition, the proposed filter reduces the power consumption by 58.2% compared to integer-order filters, which makes the proposed filter suitable for battery-based applications. © 2023, The Author(s).
Fractional order Chebyshev-like low-pass filters based on integer order poles
Chebyshev filter is one of the most commonly used prototype filters that approximate the ideal magnitude response. In this paper, a simple and fast approach to create fractional order Chebyshev-like filter using its integer order poles is discussed. The transfer functions for the fractional filters are developed using the integer order poles from the traditional filter. This approach makes this work the first to generate fractional order transfer functions knowing their poles. The magnitude, phase, step responses, and group delay are simulated for different fractional orders showing their Chebyshev-like characteristics while achieving a fractional order slope. Circuit simulations using Advanced Design Systems of active and passive realizations of the proposed filters are also included and compared with Matlab numerical simulations proving the reliability of the design procedure. Experimental results of a two-stage active realization show good accordance with ADS and Matlab results. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Smart Irrigation Systems: Overview
Countries are collaborating to make agriculture more efficient by combining new technologies to improve its procedure. Improving irrigation efficiency in agriculture is thus critical for the survival of sustainable agricultural production. Smart irrigation methods can enhance irrigation efficiency, specially with the introduction of wireless communication systems, monitoring devices, and enhanced control techniques for efficient irrigation scheduling. The study compared on a wide range of study subjects to investigate scientific approaches for smart irrigation. As a result, this project included a wide range of topics related to irrigation methods, decision-making, and technology used. Information was gathered from a variety of scientific papers. So, our research relied on several published documents, the majority of which were published during the last four years, and authors from all over the world. In the meantime, various irrigation initiatives were given special attention. Following that, the evaluation focuses on the key components of smart irrigation, such as real-time irrigation scheduling, IoT, the importance of an internet connection, smart sensing, and energy harvesting. Author
Fractional order filter with two fractional elements of dependant orders
This work is aimed at generalizing the design of continuous-time filters in the non-integer-order (fractional-order) domain. In particular, we consider here the case where a filter is constructed using two fractional-order elements of different orders ? and ?. The design equations for the filter are generalized taking into consideration stability constraints. Also, the relations for the critical frequency points like maximum and minimum frequency points, the half power frequency and the right phase frequency are derived. The design technique presented here is related to a fractional order filter with dependent orders ? and ? related by a ratio k. Frequency transformations from the fractional low-pass filter to both fractional high-pass and band-pass filters are discussed. Finally, case studies of KHN active filter design examples are illustrated and supported with numerical and ADS simulations. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Fractional Order Sallen–Key and KHN Filters: Stability and Poles Allocation
This paper presents the analysis for allocating the system poles and hence controlling the system stability for KHN and Sallen–Key fractional order filters. The stability analysis and stability contours for two different fractional order transfer functions with two different fractional order elements are presented. The effect of the transfer function parameters on the singularities of the system is demonstrated where the number of poles becomes dependent on the transfer function parameters as well as the fractional orders. Numerical, circuit simulation, and experimental work are used in the design to test the proposed stability contours. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Fractional-order mutual inductance: Analysis and design
This paper introduces for the first time the generalized concept of the mutual inductance in the fractional-order domain where the symmetrical and unsymmetrical behaviors of the fractional-order mutual inductance are studied. To use the fractional mutual inductance in circuit design and simulation, an equivalent circuit is presented with its different conditions of operation. Also, simulations for the impedance matrix parameters of the fractional mutual inductance equivalent circuit using Advanced Design System and MATLAB are illustrated. The Advanced Design System and MATLAB simulations of the double-tuned filter based on the fractional mutual inductance are discussed. A great matching between the numerical analysis and the circuit simulation appears, which confirms the reliability of the concept of the fractional mutual inductance. Also, the analysis of the impedance matching using the fractional-order mutual inductance is introduced. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hardware Accelerator of Fractional-Order Operator Based on Phase Optimized Filters With Applications
Hardware accelerators outperform CPUs in terms of performance by parallelizing the algorithm architecture and using the device’s programmable resources. FPGA is a type of hardware accelerator that excels not only in performance but also in energy efficiency. So, it provides a suitable platform for implementing complicated fractional-order systems. This paper proposes a novel phase-based optimization method to implement fractional operators using FIR and IIR filters. We also compare five fractional operator implementation methods on FPGA regarding resource utilization, execution time, power, and accuracy. These methods and the proposed one are evaluated in terms of power consumption, delay, and resources to assist the designer in determining the most suitable implementation method for the given application. The proposed method has a lower phase error of 14.7% in the case of derivative operation and a lower phase error of 18.83% in the case of integration compared to the literature. In addition, the proposed methods decreased the consumed power and area by more than three times compared to the fixed-window GL fractional operator. The proposed approach implements Heaviside’s inductor-terminated lossy line. In addition, it is employed as an edge detection kernel to demonstrate its effectiveness in image processing applications. © 2023 IEEE.